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FLEUR DE LYS
' already had; he had brought them across on his ship with M. Le Sueure; and having embraced M. de Sauvol and M. de Boisbrian, he sailed in the month of April in that year, 1700, on his second return to France.
\ At his departure he recommended to M. de Sauvol that he give M. Le Sueure 31 twenty men to go with him to a copper mine that is in the country of the Cioux, a nation of nomadic savages more than nine hundred leagues from the mouth of the Missicipy, as far up as the Saut de St. Anthoine.32 M. Le Sueure had had information about this mine several years earlier when he was on a journey into the country of the Ataoas,33 where he engaged in trading. I was commanded by M. de Sauvol to go on this trip that M. Le Sueure was undertaking, because, being by trade a carpenter in the service of His Majesty and being needed to make longboats and keep them in repair, I have always been along on all the expeditions that I have reported, and shall report hereafter, of which I have been an eyewitness.
To return to M. Le Sueure. After he had got all his
hommes que nous etions”; the other mss. write out six hundred. Penicaut must have written . 60 hommes/’ in which a penman’s flourish or some blemish suggested another zero. Margry (Decouvcrtcs, V, 400) gives "60 hommes.”
81	Pierre Charles Le Sueur, the explorer, was sent to Louisiana so that he could go up the Mississippi to work or discover mines in the Sioux Country. Mis wife, a first cousin of the Le Moyne brothers, resided at Mobile for many years. For events in the life of his family at Mobile, see Hamilton, Colonial Mobile, p. 123. The primary sourcc is Mobile Baptismal Records, at the residence of the Bishop of Mobile.
82	The Falls of St. Anthony, the head of navigation on the Mississippi River, in Minnesota. Towns did not develop there until 140 years later. Minneapolis grew from two towns, Minneapolis on the west bank and St. Anthony on the east bank. Hennepin, captured by Sioux Indians, saw the falls July 1, 1680, and named them. James Truslow Adams (ed.), Dictionary of American History (New York, 1941
26.
8,1 The Ottawas. The French also spelled the name Outaouas, which is Margry s reading. Decouvcrtcs, V, 400.
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AND CALUMET
supplies and all the tools necessary and had embraced M. de Sauvol, he made his departure at the end of April of that year, with one single longboat in which we were only twenty-five persons. I shall not waste my time by giving a needless repetition of the places we passed on our way up the Missicipy River. I have already given a description of them from its mouth as far up as the nation of the Tinssas, who are the last as far as we went with M. d’Hyberville, who did not wish to go higher than that village. I shall mefrely say that on arriving at the new fort,34 where MM. de St. Denis and de Bienville were, we were given a rowboat to lighten our longboat, which, being too heavily loaded, was unable to make more than slight headway each day. The next day we left to go to the Tinssas. It took us twenty-four days to get there, as we were unable to make more than five or six leagues a day going upstream because of the currents, which at the end of April and during the month of May are very swift in the Missicipy on account of the melting of snows which swells the streams flowing into the Missicipy and makes it overflow its banks during that time.
When we had passed the Tinssas, ten leagues upstream on the right we found a river called Riviere des Yasoux. Four leagues up this river we found on the right the villages in which dwell six savage nations, called the Yasoux, the Offogoulas, the Tonicas, the Coroas, the Bitoupas, and the Oussipez.35 In that village we found a French [mis-
8* Fort Mississippi.
85 These small tribes lived in Mississippi, near or along the Yazoo River. The Yasoux, now callcd Yazoo, were of the Tunican linguistic group. The Offogoulas spoke a Siouan dialect, according to Hodge. The Tonicas, now usually Tunica, were a distinct linguistic family. The Coroas, or Koroa, belonged to the Tunican group. The
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