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The Journal of Mississippi History
had been vilified by some of the most powerful men in his state and had been forced to flee Mississippi to a refuge in New Orleans. There, as a novice among men of shrewd business acumen, he had ventured in land, cotton, and slaves,1 deriving invaluable commercial experience, but he had lost his patrimony through ruinous endorsements2 and was taken into custody as a common debtor.3 Later, he had edited with distinction some of the principal Democratic newspapers in Louisiana and Mississippi,4 earning the gratitude of leaders of his party, but, as a result of his arduous duties, he had suffered the complete collapse of his already poor health. The constant discouragement produced by such disappointing results of ventures undertaken with every hope of success prompted Claiborne in 1849 to turn from the speculation and newspaper work that brought only a precarious living at best and to purchase ?Laurel Wood? plantation.
Grown cautious through previous experiences, however, Claiborne sought a means of supplementing the income he expected to derive from his plantation. He gained thac additional security in 1853, when he was appointed to a government sinecure by President Franklin Pierce. He had become a friend of Pierce when the two men had served together in Congress, and during the campaign of 1852 he had supported Pierce in the Louisiana Courier.5 After the election Pierce offered Claiborne ?an eligible diplomatic position abroad or a comfortable berth in Washington.? But Claiborne proposed instead that Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana be com-
1	Contract signed by Claiborne, William M. Gwin, and John D. Freeman, October 14, 1839, J. F. H. Claiborne Papers (Library of Congress).
2	C. E. Cain (ed.), ?Letter from J. F. H. Claiborne to Richard Abbey,? Journal of Mississippi History, VI (January, 3.944), 49.
3	Court order directing the sheriff of Adams County, Mississippi, to take Claiborne into custody, January 14, 1839, Claiborne Papers (Library of Congress).
4	Claiborne became editor of the Mississippi Free Trader and Natchez Gazette in 1841, editor of the New Orleans Jeffersonian and the New Orleans Statesman in 1846, and editor of the Louisiana Courier in 1850.
5	Franklin L. Riley, ?Life of Col. J. F. H. Claiborne,? Mississippi Historical Society, Publications, VII (1903), 232.