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tant Chickamauga chief, was apparently so won over to the Spanish interest that he made a journey to New Orleans to confer with the governor and to meet with delegations of Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws.10
Carondelet?s Indian policy was more forceful than that of his predecessor because it was becoming increasingly necessary to offset growing American influence among the Southern Indians. The Washington administration devoted much attention to Indian affairs. In 1790 William Blount, the governor of the Southwest Territory, was appointed acting superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Southern District with headquarters at Knoxville. At first he had only one assistant in the field, an interpreter with the Choctaws. Two years later, General James Robertson, because of his acquaintance with leading Chickasaws, was appointed as agent for that nation, and Leonard Shaw was selected as agent for the Cherokees. In the South, James Seagrove of Georgia, was charged with the conduct of Creek affairs. Interpreters and other agents were soon added to the American Indian service. The motives of the United States Government in undertaking active work among the Southern tribes were to prevent their forming any alliance with the hostile tribes north of the Ohio River, to extend American control gradually into the Indian country, and to promote trade.11
Carondelet resorted to countermeasures designed to stiffen Indian resistance against the Americans. He instructed his agent, Pedro Olivier, to inform the Creeks that they could count upon Spanish support in case of war with the United States and to assure them that they would be given arms and ammunition to defend their country against aggression.12 In view of the governor?s intentions, Olivier took a census of the Creek towns in order to determine the fighting strength of the nation.13 Carondelet received reports that Seagrove was making arrangements for a conference with a group of Creek chiefs for the purpose of obtaining their approval to the running of the boundary line specified in McGillivray?s treaty of 1790. The governor promptly instructed Olivier to do everything possible to dissuade the Creeks from going to meet the American agent and, as a result of Olivier?s efforts, the conference was a failure. Inasmuch as the Treaty of New York was prejudicial to
10.	Manuel Serrano y San*, El Brigadier Jaime Wxlkimon y Sue Tratoe con Eepafia port* la Independencia del Kentucky (Madrid, 1915), 46?50; Whitaker, loc. cit.; see below p. 96.
11.	American State Papere, Indian Affaire, 1, 246?250; Robert S. Cotterrill, ?Federal Indian Management in the South, 1789-1825,? Mieeiseippi Valley Historical Review, XX (1914), 334-339.
12.	See below p. 21.
13.	See below pp. 230-232.
interests of Spain, Olivier?s next step was to persuade McGilli-to sign a new treaty. McGillivray agreed, commenting that (Jarondelet?s policy seemed to differ from that of Miro who had ? ged him to come to terms with the Americans. The Creek chief ; to New Orleans where a treaty was drawn up and signed on , 6,1792. In this treaty, Carondelet gave territorial guarantees ?the Creek nation which Miro had not been willing to grant in 84. Furthermore, in return for a promise to expel all intruders om their lands, the Creeks were assured of an adequate supply of is and ammunition.14 While Pedro Olivier was at work among the Creeks, Gayoso de jmos, governor of the Natchez district,-was attempting to placate ?"e Choctaws who were protesting because of the fort he had con-ructed at Nogales without their approval. He assured them Mat the post had been necessary to prevent a threatened occupation j|the region by the South Carolina Yazoo Company but the Explanation did not satisfy the Indians. In the spring of 1792, ayoso sent Stephen Minor upon a mission to the Choctaw nation, 'nor conferred with Franchimastabe, one of the principal chiefs, ?si-laid the groundwork for treaty negotiations.15 He discovered ;;some sort of loose alliance already existed among the Choctaws, ickasaws, Creeks, and Cherokees. Although he did not learn itjiejdetails, it was probably a defensive alliance against the Ameri-nominally headed by the Chickasaw chief Tascaotuca.
'^The Choctaws and Chickasaws, after great effort, were pervaded to send delegates to Natchez to discuss the Nogales question direlated matters. The conference lasted from May 11 to May 14. ?"vemor Gayoso de Lemos entertained the Indians and explained ain that a Spanish fort at Nogales was necessary because there
?	danger that the Americans might occupy the area. For a e';. Chief Franchimastabe, on the advice of his counselor, Turner ?hears, would not agree to cede the Nogales region. Eventually gelded and substantial presents were agreed upon for distribu-
JQVto the Indians. The occasion was consi Gregorio White consented to the u: -the signing of the treaty. The conferen?
lered so important that e of the parish church e terminated with elab-
t?.cerernonies designed to impress the Indians.16
Caughey, op. cit., 326-830; American State Pcpers, Ind 21;t;22, 57?58.
Manuel Serrano y Sans,	ed., Documentor	Hiatdricoa	d
<UiXVIIl (Madrid, 1912),	406-439.
Hanuel Serrano y Sanz,	Eapafta y	loa	Indioa	Cherokii
XVIII (Sevilla, 1916),	48-60.
an Affaire, I, 304-305; see below la Florida y la Luisiana aioloe y Choctas en la eegunda mitad